- phenyl-e-ph-rine: "It is a vasoconstrictor medication, structurally similar to epine-ph-rine and ephedrine. " (1)
- Phenyl- : Phenyl group R-C6H5
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| Phenyl grp |
+ Phenyl-Ephrine: derived from epinephrine "in which one hydroxyl group has been removed from the catechol group (2)
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| Catechol group |
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| isoprelanine |
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| Phenyl-Ephrine |
- Neo-: newly
-Syn-:synthesized
-Ephrine: Epi
==> newly synthesized Epinephrine. Neo-Synephrine "is similar in structure to epinephrine except that it lacks the 4-OH group on the benzene ring" (4)
Clinical use:
- shock (vasoconstriction)
- nasal congestion
Physiology & Pharmacology & clinical use:
alpha1: ++++ (3)
alpha2: + (3)
. Phenylephrine is a vasoconstrictor (alpha 1) with no inotropic effect (no beta1 binding effects)
=> powerful peripheral vasoconstrictor (5)
=> increased systolic & diastolic blood pressure (6)
=> use in accordance with inotropic drugs to counteract potential myocardial depression (7).
=> Most useful to use in patients with septic shock who develop tachycardia to other beta agonists (8)
=>Phenyl-epi causes strong vasoconstriction even at low doses. For this reason, do NOT ever give epi or phenylEpi or NORepi for IV. (my bf)
. Phenylephrine increases peripheral resistance by vasoconstriction mechanism
=> reflex bradycardia may occur (7)
=> use in accordance with inotropic drugs to counteract potential myocardial depression (7).
=> used to prevent peripheral hypotension after anesthesia injection of propofol which reduces peripheral resistance (7)
. Phenylephrine metabolized by MAO (8)
=> rapid-acting
=> similar structure to epinephrine but different metabolism. Epinephrine metabolized by COMT (8)
(2) https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA189&dq=phenylephrine+discovery&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMp7CSgf7LAhVJ4WMKHVUXCQ8Q6AEIOTAF#v=onepage&q=phenylephrine%20discovery&f=false
(3) https://books.google.com/books?id=45DKiUj1hLUC&pg=PA95&dq=phenylephrine&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiO2NGwhP7LAhUS6GMKHabWB48Q6AEILTAD#v=onepage&q=phenylephrine&f=false
(4) https://books.google.com/books?id=ievLulSqwBAC&pg=PA142&dq=phenylephrine&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjYh9Sdhf7LAhXEnw4KHV4HAw8Q6AEIPzAH#v=onepage&q=phenylephrine&f=false
(5) https://books.google.com/books?id=qiflBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA662&dq=phenylephrine&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikyIXLhf7LAhUN92MKHf4cDYA4ChDoAQgwMAQ#v=onepage&q=phenylephrine&f=false
(6) https://books.google.com/books?id=ievLulSqwBAC&pg=PA142&dq=phenylephrine&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiciMiDi_7LAhVFwmMKHa4iC6AQ6AEIPzAH#v=onepage&q=phenylephrine&f=false
(7) https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHpmMxFXagC&pg=PA485&dq=phenylephrine&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQ1I6oi_7LAhVK0GMKHVXWAsk4ChDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=phenylephrine&f=false
(8) https://books.google.com/books?id=qiflBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA662&dq=phenylephrine&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiom_yVjf7LAhWJKGMKHU1pDPc4ChDoAQgwMAQ#v=onepage&q=phenylephrine&f=false
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