http://www.rhymezone.com/

Mnemonics in part is created by similar sounds. I found this website http://www.rhymezone.com/ helpful for creating similar sounds such as Thyer-Martin = Thigh-er Martyr mnemonics that I've made.

~by Qt

Thayer-Martin agar

 

Thayer-Martin agar (or Thayer-Martin medium) is a Mueller-Hinton agar with 5% chocolate sheep blood and antibiotics. It is used for culturing and primarily isolating pathogenic Neisseria bacteria, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, as the medium inhibits the growth of most other microorganisms. When growing Neisseria meningitidis, one usually starts with a normally sterile body fluid (blood or CSF), so a plain chocolate agar is used. Thayer-Martin agar was initially developed in 1964, with an improved formulation published in 1966.^[1][2][3]

Components

It usually contains the following combination of antibiotics, called VCN inhibitor

• Vancomycin, which is able to kill most Gram-positive organisms, although some Gram-positive organisms such as Lactobacillus and Pediococcus are intrinsically resistant
• Colistin, which is added to kill most Gram-negative organisms except Neisseria, although some other Gram-negative organisms such as Legionella are also resistant
• Nystatin, which can kill most fungi
• Trimethoprim, which inhibits Gram-negative organisms, especially swarming Proteus

Clinical implications

A negative culture on Thayer-Martin in a patient exhibiting symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease most likely indicates an infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.


Mnemonics: Thayer-Martin = Thigh-er Martyr = a martyr who keeps trying to get in the thighs of ppl = Gonorrhea selected (selective!)  - (Reproduction okay with credits to npprep.blogspot.com)

Varicocele = Varicose eel = Due to varicose veins leading to eels (worms) in the skinny bag (aka scrotum) = bag of worms ~by Qt (Reproduction okay with credits to npprep.blogspot.com)

Source: https://youtu.be/WrlVbDmCVyw & Leik & Hollier

@Birth: B ---there's only one HepB vax

Visit every 2 months:
@2mo: 2 B DR. HIP (@ 2mo: HepB, DTaP, Rotavirus, Hib, IPV, PCV)
@4mo: 4 DR. HIP (@4mo: DTap, Rotavirus, IPV, PCV)
@6mo: B DR. HIP In 6mo (HepB, Dtap, Rotavirus, Influenza, PCV in 6mo)

12mo - 18mo: 1 MAD HPV (MMR, HepA, Dtap, Hib, PCV, Varicella)

2yo: n/a
3yo: n/a

4-6yo: VERY DIM between 4-6pm (Varicella, Dtap, IPV, MMR)

11-12yo: Tada! Human! Men! (TdaP, HPV, Meningoccocal)
16-18yo: Men get boosted!

Legend:
B: Hep B
D: DTaP
R: Rotavirus
H: Hib
I: IPV
P: PCV
M: MMR
A: HepA
V or Very: Varicella
Tada: TdaP
Human: HPV
Men: MCV

NOTE for California elementary school entry: (by Qt)

Hep B: needs 3 doses (Mnemonics: Hep B = B = Bday = given at Birth, then 2 mo. later, than 4 mo. later (@ birth, 2,6 = 3 doses)

DTaP: needs 5 doses (DR HIP, DR HIP, DR HIP, MAD HPV, & Very DIM)

IPV: needs 4 doses (DR HIP, DR HIP, DR HIP, & Very DIM)

Varicella & MMR:  needs 2 doses (Varicella & MMR: live vaccines = must be given after 1 yo (@12mo & @5yo generally speaking)

MCV & HPV: not given until middle school generally


Misc notes (Vax not required for school):
Influenze not given until 6mo and older
R = Rotavirus = only given at very young age, during first few initial visits (@2,4,6mo)
HepA = given @ 1 MAD HPV

Mnemonics: Prehn's sign = Positive = ePididymitis = Pull the testicle up = Pain Passed away ~by Qt (Reproduction okay with credits for npprep.blogspot.com)


-----
Wiki: 
Prehn's sign (named after urologist Douglas T. Prehn)^[1] is a medical diagnostic indicator that was once believed to help determine whether the presenting testicular pain is caused by acute epididymitis or from testicular torsion.^[2] Although elevation of the scrotum when differentiating epididymitis from testicular torsion is of clinical value, Prehn's sign has been shown to be inferior to Doppler ultrasound to rule out testicular torsion.^[3]
According to Prehn's sign, the physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but not pain caused by testicular torsion.^[4]

• Negative Prehn's sign indicates no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards testicular torsion which is a surgical emergency and must be relieved within 6 hours.

Another way to differentiate between epididymitis and torsion on physical examination is checking for the cremaster reflex which is absent in the case of torsion.{current sources indicates cremaster reflex to be present in both torsion and epididymitis: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0401/p583.html}

• Positive Prehn's sign indicates there is pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards epididymitis.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehn%27s_sign

Meniere’s disease features

• Vertigo
• Tinnitus
• Hearing loss (sensorineural)
• Nauses and vomiting may occur
• FULLness in the ears (feeling of pressure/fullness in ears)

Source: https://medmnemonics.wordpress.com/2011/12/15/menieres-disease-features/

"MD SOAP 'N HAIR":

• Malar rash


• Discoid rash


• Serositis


• Oral ulcer


• Arthritis


• Photosensitivity


• Neurologic abnormality


• Hematologic abnormality


• ANA (+)


• Immunologic abnormality


• Renal involvement

Source: http://doctorsgates.blogspot.com/2010/10/how-to-diagnose-sle-by-soap-hair.html

http://www.embeediagnostics.com/features/crp.ht2.gif
CSR elevates before ESR (Mnemonics: C before E)

Avoid these 'BROWS'

B arley
R ye
O at (if it’s not labeled gluten-free)
W heat (includes Kamut, khorasan, einkorn, and farro)
S pelt (which is a species of wheat)

Source: https://lifehacker.com/remember-which-grains-contain-gluten-with-the-brows-acr-1752942006

Okay to eat rice

One way to remember ADL vs IADL on exam is to think which activity ur 3yo (ADL) can do vs ur 10yo (IADL)  can do ~by Qt

Varicocele = Varicose + cele = bag of varicose veins = bag of worms

Roseola is like a rose.
Imagine the stem (and fever) climbing for a few days and then abruptly it blooms (rash comes out)
Source: http://pediatricmnemonics.blogspot.com/2015/09/viral-exantem-mnemonic.html

Graphic as a way to memorize, sorry if it seems vulgar. thanks

MALE GENITAL DEVELOPMENT:
Tanner 1 - First (prepubertal) stage has no genital development
Tanner 2 - 2 enlarged testicles
Tanner 3 - Penis elongates (viz: the tip of the penis elongates as the the shape of the mid point of the letter '3' looking sideway)
Tanner 4 - Penis increases in girth (Viz: #4 has a little more girth than previous #'s)
Tanner 5 - adult state

FEMALE BREAST DEVELOPMENT:
Beginning with Tanner 2, you simply spell out the word breast (BR-EA-S-T)
Tanner 1 Prepubertal stage
Tanner 2 BReast lumps or breast buds
Tanner 3 Elevation (or Enlargement) of the areola so that breast and areola continue to grow as 1 mound
Tanner 4 Separation of the the breast tissue mounds ast eh areola becomes a smaller mound on top of the larger breast mound
tanner 5 Total breast development - adult-sized breasts & completed breast growth


PUBIC HAIR DEVELOPMENT: (same as male & female)
Tanner 1: Prepubertal; no pubic hair
Tanner 2: Viz just 2 little hairs, very fine, with few, if any, curls
Tanner 3: Dark, coarse, curly hairs viz curly 3s
Tanner 4: Viz the triangle in #4 completely filled iwth black
Tanner 5: Viz Roman numeral 'V', with hair spreading laterally onto the medial aspects of the thighs

~By Qt (collected and revised from internet) (Copy okay with credits)

Mnemonics
Hirschsprung = hurt sprung = malfunctioning springs = network of nerves in the rectum is not working (Reproduction okay with credits)
~by Qt

5th disease
5th = 5 fingers = slapped cheeks = slapping is not virally infectious!
Erythema infectiosum = erythema in-fact-nOThIng in SUMmary = Erythema Rash occurs after infectious stage is over (Reproduction okay with credits)
~By Qt

Seven Killer Causes of Fever and Rash

Mnemonic: SMARTTT

1. Sepsis
2. Meningococcemia
3. Acute endocarditis
4. Rocky mountain spotted fever
5. Toxic erythemas
6. Toxic epidermal necrolysis
7. Travel-related infections

Onset of Rash with “X” Days of Fever

Mnemonic: Very Sick Person Must Take Double Eggs

1. Varicella (Chicken pox): 1st day (rash is often 1st sign in children)
2. Scarlet fever: 2nd day
3. Pox (Small pox): 3rd day
4. Measles (Rubeola or 14 day measles): 4th day (Remember: Koplik spots appear in pre-eruptive phase on 2nd day of fever)
5. Typhus: 5th day
6. Dengue: 6th day
7. Enteric fever: 7th day

Also remember, another similar mnemonic: Really Sick Children Must Take No Exercise

1. Rubella (German measles or 3 day measles): 1st day
2. Scarlet fever, Small pox: 2nd day
3. Chicken pox (Varicella): 3rd day (prodromal symptoms 1-2 days before rash in adults)
4. Measles (Rubeola or 14 day measles): 4th day
5. Typhus: 5th day
6. Nothing
7. Enteric fever: 7th day

Remember:

1. Roseola infantum (Exanthem subitum, Sixth disease or 3 day fever): rash appears when fever disappears
2. Erythema infectiosum (Slapped-cheek disease): no prodromal period and fever
3. Drug rash: may appear anytime

Exanthems – Numbered Diseases of Childhood

Mnemonic: MS (Master in Surgery) and German MD (Doctor of Medicine) in ER (Emergency Room)

1. 1st (First) disease: Measles (Rubeola, 14 day measles)
   • Measles virus
2. 2nd (Second) disease: Scarlet fever
   • Streptococcus pyogenes
3. 3rd (Third) disease: German measles (Rubella or 3 day measles)
   • Rubella virus
4. 4th (Fourth) disease: Duke’s disease or Filatov-Duke’s disease (now regarded as a variant of scarlet fever or SSSS)
5. 5th (Fifth) disease: Erythema infectiosum or Slapped-cheek disease
   • Erythrovirus (Parvovirus) B19
6. 6th (Sixth) disease: Roseola infantum (Exanthem subitum, 3 day fever)
   • Human Herpes Virus (HHV 6 more than HHV 7)

Diseases Named by Numbered Days

1. Three-day fever (3 day fever): Roseola infantum or Exanthem subitum or Sudden fever
2. Three-day measles (3 day measles): Rubella or German measles
3. Five-day fever (5 day fever): Trench fever or Quintana fever or Shinbone fever
4. Seven-day fever (7 day fever): Weil’s disease or Leptospirosis or Canicola fever or Nanukayami fever
5. Fourteen-day measles (14 day measles): Measles or Rubeola or Hard measles

Centripetal and Centrifugal Rash Distribution

Centripetal (predominate or start on extremities)

1. Hand, foot and mouth disease (caused by enterovirus i.e. coxsackie A16, enterovrius 71)
   • Coxsackie A = more common but less severe
   • Enterovirus 71 = less common but more severe
   • Herpangina = caused by enterovirus; associated with oral enanthem but no exanthems
2. Secondary syphilis
3. Rocky mountain spotted fever
4. Dengue fever
5. Small pox

Centrifugal (predominate or start on trunk)

1. Viral exanthems: Measles, Rubella, Chicken pox, Scarlet fever
2. Epidemic typhus

Involvement of Palms and Soles

Mnemonic: RED HANdS

1. Rocky mountain spotted fever (R.rickettsi)
2. Endocarditis
3. Dengue (Palms and soles are spared by rash but swelling, itching and erythema is often seen)
4. Hand-foot-mouth disease (Coxsackie) and Host vs Graft disease (GVHD)
5. Autoimmune Kawasaki Disease (KD)
6. Neisseria meningococcemia
7. Stevens Johnson Syndrome and Syphilis (Secondary and Congenital) and Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome

Sparing of Face

Mnemonic: SPaRES

1. Scarlet fever (Flushing of face occurs but rash doesn’t involve the face)
2. Prowazekii caused Epidemic typhus
3. Roseola infantum or Exanthem subitum or Sixth disease

Note: The morphology of rashes and detailed approach has not been talked about here. Please refer to standard textbooks for more information.

Exanthems, Common
MANY SENIOR RESIDENTS DO ENCOUNTER EXANTHEMS

1st disease-Measles (Rubeola)
2nd-Scarlet fever
3rd-Rubella (German measles)
4th-Duke's disease
5th-Erythema infectiosum
6th-Exanthem subitum (Roseola)

http://www.dermpathmd.com/mnemonics/mnemonics_dermatitis.htm

 

 

 https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001587.htm

Caput succedaneum

Causes

A caput succedaneum is more likely to form during a long or hard delivery. It is more common after the membranes have broken. This is because the fluid in the amniotic sac is no longer providing a cushion for the baby's head. Vacuum extraction done during a difficult birth can also increase the chances of a caput succedaneum.
A caput succedaneum may be detected by prenatal ultrasound, even before labor or delivery begins. It has been found as early as 31 weeks of pregnancy. Very often, this is due to an early rupture of the membranes or too little amniotic fluid. It is less likely that a caput will form if the membranes stay intact.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Soft, puffy swelling on the scalp of a newborn infant
• Possible bruising or color change on the scalp swelling area
• Swelling that may extend to both sides of the scalp
• Swelling that is most often seen on the portion of the head which presented first

Exams and Tests

The health care provider will look at the swelling to confirm that it is a caput succedaneum. No other testing is needed.

Treatment

No treatment is needed. The problem most often goes away on its own within a few days.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Complete recovery can be expected. The scalp will go back to a normal shape.

Possible Complications

Complications may include a yellow color to the skin (jaundice) if bruising is involved.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Most of the time, the problem is noticed right after birth. You do not need to call your provider unless you have other questions.

Alternative Names

Caput

Images

• Caput succedaneum

References

Balest AL, Riley MM, Bogen DL. Neonatology. In: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 2.
Mangurten HH, Puppala BI, Prazad PA. Birth injuries. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 30.

Review Date 5/14/2017

Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.